Pascal Kotté
Parti Pirate | 02.07
Welfare state & family
Raise the retirement age to 67
Do you support an increase in the retirement age (e.g., to 67)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Health insurance premiums
Should the federal government allocate more funding for health insurance premium subsidies?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
But in proportion to their income. And to make the wealthy pay more out of solidarity, because "the strength of the community is measured by the well-being of the weakest of its members", as stated in our 2000 constitution. Ideally, a simplification of social procedures should manage the common LAMAL base based on tax returns, via a common fund in the form of a public utility cooperative, shared with all healthcare players.
Mais de façons proportionnées à leur revenus. Et de faire payer plus aux grands fortunés par solidarité, car "la force de la communauté se mesure au bien-être du plus faible de ses membres" comme cela est mentionné dans notre constitution de 2000. Idéalement, une simplification des procédures sociales devrait gérer la base commune LAMAL basée sur la déclaration fiscale, via une caisse commune en coopérative d'utilité publique, partagée avec tous les acteurs de la santé.
Pensions for married couples
For married couples, the pension is currently limited to 150% of the maximum individual AHV pension (capping). Should this limit be eliminated?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Simplifying solutions that are fairer to women and take into account matrimonial or similar changes, which are becoming more complex and less stable, should be implemented. We need to move beyond this ceiling issue.
Des solutions de simplifications, plus équitables envers les femmes, et prenant en compte les évolutions matrimoniales ou similaires, qui deviennent complexes et moins stables, devraient être mis en œuvre. Il faut faire progresser cela, au-delà de seulement cette histoire de plafond.
Reduce LPP pensions
As part of the reform of the BVG (occupational pension plan), pensions are to be reduced (lowering the minimum conversion rate from 6.8% to 6%). Are you in favor of this measure?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
We need to find a satisfactory balance, and I wouldn't be in favor of lowering the rate for the poorest people - I'd be in favor of raising it to 7%. On the other hand, it would be OK for the highest incomes.
Nous devons trouver des équilibres satisfaisants, et je ne serai pas favorable à cet abaissement pour les plus démunis déjà, je serai favorable à monter à 7%. Par contre, ce serait OK pour les plus gros revenus.
Extend parental leave
Should paid parental leave be increased beyond today's 14 weeks of maternity leave and two weeks of paternity leave? [BePart question]
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Perhaps at lower wages, and on a non-mandatory basis. Anything that improves the quality of life for newborns and their parents is a sign of real social progress. But we also need to reduce the financial impact on companies, to enable them to support their female employees equally.
Peut-être à salaire amoindri, et sur une base non obligatoire. Tout ce qui peut permettre d'améliorer le confort de vie des nouveaux nés, et de leurs parents, seront plutôt un signe de véritable progrès social. Mais il faut aussi en réduire les impacts financiers sur les entreprises, afin de leur permettre de supporter égalitairement leurs salariés femmes.
Further encourage the construction of social housing
Should the federal government provide more financial support for public housing construction? [BePart question]
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Financial speculation is part and parcel of our economic organization, but it can also present difficulties when it comes to giving citizens access to housing. Let's set up a citizens' convention to put forward solutions that will enable people to pass on to their children a home they can call their own.
La spéculation financière fait partie de notre organisation économique, mais peut présenter des difficultés pour permettre aux citoyens d'accéder à un logement. Créons une convention citoyenne pour proposer des solutions afin de permettre aux citoyens que toute leur vie à travailler puisse aussi leur permettre de transmettre à leurs enfants un logement, où ils étaient réellement chez eux.
Health
Introduce compulsory vaccination for children
Should compulsory vaccination of children be introduced based on the Swiss vaccination plan?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Anything that can improve our children's health, or even their survival, is desirable. But they must be significantly necessary, before they can be imposed by law. And this must be based on an established scientific consensus, and in exchange and discussion with parents' and medical associations, with an annual informed citizens' convention. Medical exceptions must protect special minorities, but let's protect these children from irresponsible parents.
Tout ce qui peut améliorer l'état de santé de nos enfants, voire améliorer leurs survies, sera désirable. Mais ils doivent être significativement nécessaires, pour les imposer par loi. Et cela doit passer par un consensus scientifique établi, et en échange et discussions avec les associations de parents, et médicales, avec une convention citoyenne éclairée annuellement. Des exceptions médicales doivent protéger les minorités particulières, mais protégeons ces enfants de parents irresponsables.
Introduce a tax on sugary foods
Are you in favor of the introduction of a tax on foods containing sugar (sugar tax)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
I don't think a tax will solve the problem of over-consumption or use of sugar. The health problem can only be solved, for example, by imposing compulsory labelling on products, with an index of "harmfulness", which can go beyond just "sugar". But this requires collaboration with scientists, and associations that defend and propose healthy eating.
Je ne pense pas qu'une taxe va apporter une solution à la surconsommation, ou utilisation du sucre. Le problème de santé induit ne pourra être résolu qu'en imposant par exemple des étiquetages obligatoires sur les produits, avec un index de "nocivité", qui peut aller au-delà de juste "du sucre". Mais cela nécessite une collaboration avec les scientifiques, et les associations qui défendent et propose une alimentation saine.
Contribution to healthcare costs
Should insured persons contribute more to health care costs (e.g., increase the minimum deductible)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
This will depend on the situation of necessity (LAMAL), or lesser necessity (complementary), but also again on the insured's income. I'm in favor of charging the poorest less for necessary products, and more for the wealthiest, especially if they are more accessory.
Cela va dépendre de la situation de nécessité (LAMAL), ou moindre nécessité (complémentaire), mais aussi à nouveau des revenus de l'assuré. Je suis partisan de moins faire payer les plus démunis pour les produits nécessaires, et plus pour les plus fortunés, surtout si plus accessoire.
Limit the powers of the Federal Council in the event of a pandemic
Should the Federal Council's ability to restrict private and economic life in the event of a pandemic be more limited?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Emergency situations call for rapid intervention, but that doesn't mean we can't demand validation of decisions already taken with the people's chambers. And in the event of refusal or rejection, to make the executive backtrack. But political decisions must be informed by an enlarged scientific and technical council, which must provide explanations and recommendations. Training, if need be, for elected representatives.
Les situations d'urgences nécessitent des interventions rapides, mais cela n'empêche pas d'exiger de valider les décisions déjà prises avec les chambres populaires. Et en cas de refus ou rejet, de faire revenir en arrière l'exécutif. Mais les décisions politiques doivent être éclairées par un conseil scientifique et technique élargi, qui doivent fournir explications, et recommandations. Des formations si besoin était, aux élus.
Federal competence for national hospital planning
Should the federal government be given the authority to determine the hospital offering (national hospital planning with regard to locations and range of services)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
It's up to the cantons to manage their citizens and medical resources. On the other hand, the Confederation can ensure and monitor that crisis resources are properly provided for.
C'est aux cantons de gérer leurs citoyens et les moyens médicaux. Par contre, la confédération peut s'assurer et contrôler que des moyens de crises, soient correctement provisionnés.
Education
Inclusive schooling
According to the Swiss integrated schooling concept, children with learning difficulties or disabilities should be taught in regular classes. Do you approve of this concept?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Treating minorities well requires appropriate means. But separating disabled and non-disabled children is a nuisance. However, it is absurd to handicap a class in its learning, or to create major difficulties, sources of mistreatment for all, with ill-adapted laws. Let's give teachers the means to do their job properly, and schools the means to accommodate the disabled, even partially.
Bien traiter les minorités, nécessite des moyens appropriés. Mais séparer les enfants handicapés, des non handicapés, est une plaie. Cependant, il est absurde d'handicaper une classe dans ses apprentissages, ou de créer des difficultés importantes, sources de maltraitances pour tous, avec des lois inadaptées. Donnons les moyens aux enseignants de bien faire leur travail, et des moyens aux écoles pour recevoir aux mieux, même partiellement, des handicapés.
Tighten the requirements for obtaining a high school diploma
Should the federal government raise the requirements for the gymnasiale matura?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
On the other hand, it would be good not to let it deteriorate, and above all to adapt and complete it, with fundamental and necessary notions... Digital literacy, social responsibility, ecological awareness, law and finance.
En revanche, ce serait bien de ne pas la laisser se dégrader, et surtout de l'adapter et la compléter, avec des notions fondamentales et nécessaires... Culture numérique, responsabilité sociétale, conscience écologique, droit et finances.
Equal opportunities in education
Should the state be more committed to equal educational opportunities (e.g., through subsidized remedial courses for students from low-income families)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Continue existing efforts to set up classes that are better adapted to those with difficulties, whether due to lack of culture, lack of intelligence, or too much intelligence. Parents of children with "school drop-outs" should not have to pay for private classes to enable their children to continue their education, at least compulsory, but also towards maturity. Adapted classes are necessary. But not via subsidies.
Continuer les efforts existants, pour aménager des classes mieux adaptées, à ceux qui présentent des difficultés, que ce soit par manque de culture, manque d'intelligence, ou trop d'intelligences. Les parents d'enfants avec des enfants "en rupture avec l'école" standard, ne devraient par avoir à payer des classes privées, pour permettre à leurs enfants de poursuivre la scolarité au moins obligatoire, mais aussi vers la maturité. Des classes aménagées sont nécessaires. Mais pas via subventions.
Immigration & integration
Make naturalization requirements more flexible
Should the conditions for naturalization be relaxed (e.g., shorter residence period)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
But combined with the validation of real, successful integration.
Mais associées à une validation d'une réelle intégration aboutie.
Increase the quota of third-country nationals for skilled workers
Should more qualified workers from non-EU/EFTA countries be allowed to work in Switzerland (increase third-country quota)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
In particular, to properly welcome future climate refugees, who, unlike "other refugees", will find themselves "permanently" displaced. But I'm in favor of setting up quotas, based on professions and reception capacities, to enable us to select the refugees who will suit us best (solar panel installers, agro-ecological farmers...). It's not very ethical, but that's my opinion.
En particulier pour accueillir correctement les futurs réfugiés climatiques, qui à l'inverse des "autres réfugiés", vont se retrouver "définitivement" déplacés. Mais je suis partisan de mettre en place des quotas, sur les métiers et selon les capacités d'accueils, afin de nous permettre de sélectionner les réfugiés, qui vont nous arranger (installateurs de panneaux solaires, fermiers agroécologiques...). Ce n'est pas super éthique, mais c'est mon avis.
Asylum procedures outside Europe
Do you support efforts to house asylum seekers in centers outside Europe during the asylum procedure?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Beware of procedures that prevent refugees from finding refuge. I'm also in favor of preparing an additional status for "climate refugees", which would make it possible to associate "quotas" by canton and by profession. In the case of "real refugees", in "danger" in their own country, we must receive them temporarily, and not "block" them in their own country. And then make decisions based on scientific evidence, rather than political approximations, such as abusive deportations of UFMs.
Attention aux procédures qui empêchent les réfugiés, de trouver refuges. Je suis partisan aussi de préparer un statut complémentaire de "réfugiés climatiques" qui permettrait d'associer des "quotas" par canton, et par métier. Dans le cadre des "vrais réfugiés", en "danger" dans leur nation, nous devons temporairement les recevoir, et ne pas les "bloquer" dans leur pays. Et statuer ensuite, sur des bases scientifiques, et non approximations politiques, par exemple avec des renvois abusifs de MNA.
Voting rights for foreigners
Should foreign nationals who have lived in Switzerland for at least ten years be granted the right to vote and stand for election at the municipal level?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Absolutely. And in the case of future climate refugees, grant this right as early as 3 years, provided that they speak the local language correctly. I'd be in favor of other types of refugee being able to do so as early as 5 years.
Absolument. Et dans le cadre des réfugiés climatiques à venir, octroyer ce droit dès 3 années, sous réserve de correctement parler la langue locale. Je serai partisan que les autres types de réfugiés puissent le faire dès 5 ans.
Society & ethics
Legalize cannabis use
Should cannabis use be legalized? [BePart question]
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
In order to put a stop to illegal trafficking, we need to supervise it properly, and monitor consumers correctly to help them stop using. Social and police support (with proper treatment) must also be provided for traffickers who "survive" thanks to these activities, and the state must create alternative sources of income, through public works for example, to reduce the risk of a switch to other forms of banditry. But this must be done with caution and scientific rigor.
Afin de faire cesser les trafics illégaux, et de bien les encadrer, et suivre les consommateurs correctement pour les aider à s'en passer. Un accompagnement social et policier (avec bientraitance) doit aussi accompagner les trafiquants qui "survivent" grâce à ces trafics, et l'état de créer des espaces de revenus alternatifs, par des travaux d'utilité publique par exemple, afin de réduire le basculement vers d'autres banditismes. Mais il faut le faire avec prudence, et rigueur scientifique.
Authorize active euthanasia
Would you be in favour of doctors being allowed to administer direct active euthanasia in Switzerland?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
But also to supervise and support suicide assistance, so as to give associations or social/medical services the means to help people avoid suicide, when it makes sense to do so. For example, with a compulsory interview, and the presence of loved ones, by an organization independent of the organization assisting the suicide.
Mais aussi d'encadrer et accompagner les aides au suicide, afin de donner les moyens à des associations ou services sociaux/médicaux d'aider son évitement, quand cela fait du sens. Par exemple, avec un entretien obligatoire, et la présence de proches, par une organisation indépendante de l'organisation qui aide au suicide.
Introdurre un terzo sesso ufficiale
Should a third official gender be introduced alongside "female" and "male"?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
We can ask the forms to stop imposing a gender. If only to include hermaphrodites (very rare, but existing) without forcing them to choose... So let's add a third gender: "non-gendered", even if it means a lot of paperwork to change (we can give ourselves time for that). On the other hand, you have to be able to change it afterwards. As is already the case between men and women. But will we say she, or he? ;-)
On peut demander dans les formulaires d'arrêter d'imposer un genre. Ne serait-ce que pour inclure les hermaphrodites (très rares, mais existants) sans leur imposer de devoir choisir... Donc ajoutons une troisième genre: "non genré" même si cela va faire plein de paperasse à changer (on peut se donner du temps pour cela). Par contre, il faut avoir la possibilité de changer par la suite. Comme c'est déjà le cas actuellement entre homme et femme. Mais dira-t-on elle, ou il ? ;-)
Equality between same-sex and heterosexual couples
Do you think it's right for same-sex couples to have the same rights as heterosexual couples in all areas?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Obviously...
Evidemment...
Finances & taxes
Reduce taxes at the federal level
Do you support tax cuts at the federal level over the next four years?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
We're facing decades that are going to be difficult, for humanity and for Switzerland. So we need public resources.
Nous allons devant des décennies qui vont devenir difficile, pour l'humanité et pour la Suisse. Alors il faut des moyens publics.
Tax married couples individually
Should married couples be taxed separately (individual taxation)? [BePart question]
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
In the "paper" era, it made sense to create tax households. Relationships" and life together should be included in the declaration: with foster children (and others). But even allow couples the freedom to declare their own "separation" without having to go to court, unless both disagree, of course to pursue MPC (Mesures Protections Conjugales). Simple, fair and effective...
A une époque "papier", cela faisait du sens de faire des foyers fiscaux. On doit intégrer dans la déclaration les "relations" et vies communes: avec les enfants hébergés (et autres). Mais laisser même au couple la liberté de déclarer leur propre "séparation" sans devoir passer par un tribunal, sauf si les deux ne sont pas d'accord, bien évidemment de poursuivre les MPC (Mesures Protections Conjugales). Faire simple, équitable et efficace...
Introduce a national inheritance tax
Would you support the introduction of a national inheritance tax on all inheritances over one million Swiss francs? [BePart question]
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
As long as we use the results of this tax to improve the common good and the public interest.
A condition de bien utiliser le résultat de cet impôt pour améliorer les biens communs et l'intérêt public.
Strengthen financial equalization between the cantons
Should the differences between cantons with high and low financial capacity be further reduced through fiscal equalization?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
On condition that this money is used for infrastructures and projects that help to reduce these "gaps", rather than allowing them to widen. Let me remind you of our constitution: "resolved to renew their alliance to strengthen freedom, democracy, independence and peace in a spirit of solidarity and openness to the world, determined to live together their diversities with respect for others and equity".
A condition d'utiliser cet argent pour des infrastructures et projets qui favorisent la réduction de ces "écarts" et non de les laisser se creuser. Je rappelle notre constitution; "résolus à renouveler leur alliance pour renforcer la liberté, la démocratie, l’indépendance et la paix dans un esprit de solidarité et d’ouverture au monde, déterminés à vivre ensemble leurs diversités dans le respect de l’autre et l’équité"
Economy & labour
Introduce a national minimum wage of CHF 4,000
Are you in favor of introducing a minimum wage of CHF 4,000 for all full-time employees?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
But not necessarily at CHF 4,000, as this would have an impact on certain regions and trades. It would be appropriate to force trades to establish a CLA, and to facilitate and support the establishment of "new trades", by integrating existing associations into umbrella organizations, so as to oblige all employers to pass on a CLA and umbrella organization to their employees, who would then automatically become members. In this way, we could impose a minimum wage, but not a specific amount, while at the same time issuing a recommendation.
Mais pas nécessairement à 4'000 CHF car cela serait impactant pour certaines régions et certains métiers. Il serait pertinent de forcer les métiers à établir une CCT et de faciliter et soutenir la mise en place de "nouveaux métiers", en intégrant des associations existantes dans des faitières, afin d'obliger tout employeur à transmettre un CCT et une faitière à son salarié, dont il devient membre d'office. Ainsi imposer un salaire minimum, mais sans montant, tout en émettant une recommandation.
Regulate the financial sector more strictly
Do you support stricter regulations for the financial sector (e.g., stricter capital requirements for banks, ban on bonuses)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
But this would require much more detailed planning and investigation, if possible with the help of science and researchers on these subjects, which are far too complex...
Mais cela nécessiterait des aménagements et investigations bien plus approfondies, si possible avec l'aide de la science et des chercheurs sur ces sujets, bien trop complexifiés...
Liberalizzare completamente il mercato dell'elettricità
Should private households be free to choose their electricity supplier (complete liberalization of the electricity market)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
The over-liberalization of public services has its limits. We need to maintain the possibility of producing our own electricity, and encourage cooperatives or private production initiatives. But making laws that don't take technical realities into account is absurd. We need to help and strengthen energy players, not weaken them.
La sur libéralisation des services publics, a ses limites. Il faut maintenir la possibilité de produire sa propre électricité, favoriser des coopératives ou initiatives privées de productions. Mais faire des lois qui ne tiennent pas comptent des réalités techniques, est absurde. Nous devons aider les et renforcer les acteurs de l'énergie, pas les fragiliser.
Make housing construction regulations more flexible
Should housing construction regulations be relaxed (e.g., noise protection, occupancy rates)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Improving the efficiency of our homes, for greater comfort with less energy, and reducing unused losses (cold beds) through incentives, must be the objective of our policies. And above all, to facilitate access to housing and home ownership for our citizens, not for the increased enrichment of large landowners.
Améliorer l'efficience de nos logements, pour plus de confort avec moins d'énergies, et réduire les pertes inutilisées (lits froids) par des incitations doivent être l'objectif de nos politiques. Et surtout, faciliter l'accès aux logements et la propriété pour nos citoyens, pas pour l'enrichissement accru de grands propriétaires.
Wage equality between women and men
Are you in favor of stricter controls on equal pay for women and men?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
But rather with indirect measures, by giving more power to the trade association umbrella bodies, but rebalancing their governance more towards the workers themselves, than the employers, without opposing them, however, in order to establish "best practices" and a dialogue, of what must be a partnership agreement - Employers and Employees. For example, committees with parity of men/women and employers/employees.
Mais plutôt avec des mesures indirectes, en donnant plus de pouvoirs aux faitières d'associations des métiers, mais en rééquilibrant leurs gouvernances plus vers les travailleurs eux-mêmes, que les employeurs, sans les opposer toutefois, afin d'établir des "bonnes pratiques" et un dialogue, de ce qui doit être un accord de partenariat - Employeurs et Salariés. Par exemple, des comités avec parité, hommes/femmes, et employeurs/salariés.
Energy & transport
Restructure heavily trafficked sections of the highway
Should busy sections of highways be widened?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
The coming decades must promote soft mobility and public transport. Changing usage patterns must be our priority.
Les décennies à venir doivent promouvoir la mobilité douce, et les transports en communs. Faire basculer les usages doit être notre priorité.
Ban new registrations of combustion engine vehicles from 2035
Should Switzerland ban the registration of new passenger cars with internal combustion engines starting in 2035?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Yes, with a few exceptions. We must ensure that the people and organizations most at risk can find and finance alternative solutions, with state loans if necessary. Again, don't generate unnecessary suffering with ill-judged laws.
Oui, sauf exceptions. Il faut s'assurer que les personnes et les organisations les plus exposées puissent trouver et financer, avec des prêts étatiques le cas échéant, des solutions alternatives. A nouveau, ne pas générer de la souffrance inutile avec des lois mal mesurées.
Achieve climate targets through incentives
To achieve climate targets, should incentives and target agreements be relied on exclusively, rather than bans and restrictions?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
The economic world is neither bad nor good, but it will follow financial logic. It is essential to tax "bad practices" to compensate and finance "good practices". But we have to do it intelligently, because it's complex. Once again, avoid impoverishing humble workers, especially if it's to enrich the wealthy even more.
Le monde économique n'est ni mauvais, ni bon, il va suivre les logiques financières. Il est indispensable de taxer les "mauvaises pratiques" pour compenser et financer les "bonnes pratiques". Encore faut-il le faire intelligemment, car cela est complexe. A nouveau éviter d'appauvrir des humbles travailleurs, surtout si c'est pour enrichir encore plus des fortunés.
Make the rules for renewable energy less strict
Do you think it's fair that environmental and landscape protection rules are being relaxed to allow for the development of renewable energy?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
It will be difficult to divide our emissions by 2 by 2030, and by 4 by 2040, to reach 2 tonnes in 2050, without making concessions. Will the climate challenge be worth these concessions? How many more millions of refugees and deaths will there be for each additional half-degree?
Il sera difficile de diviser par 2 nos émissions pour 2030, et par 4 pour 2040, pour atteindre 2 tonnes en 2050, sans faire des concessions. Est-ce que l'enjeux climatique vaudra ces concessions? Combien de millions de réfugiés, et morts, en plus pour chaque demi degré supplémentaire?
Authorize the construction of new nuclear power plants
Should the construction of new nuclear power plants in Switzerland be allowed again?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
But only if we can't do otherwise, and it becomes necessary to regain the energy autonomy we've lost. But that would require a change of constitution, and by 2050, it's too late. We'll have to prioritize other solutions, including energy sobriety.
Mais uniquement si nous n'arrivons pas à faire autrement, et que cela devienne nécessaire pour récupérer une autonomie énergétique que nous avons perdu. Mais c'est un changement de constitution qui serait nécessaire, et d'ici 2050, c'est trop tard. Il va falloir mettre les priorités dans d'autres solutions, dont la sobriété énergétique.
Ensure a comprehensive range of public services
Should the state guarantee a comprehensive public service offering also in rural regions?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
The state must take care of all its citizens and provide them with the same services as far as possible.
L'état doit prendre soin et fournir au maximum les mêmes services à tous ses citoyens.
Introduce progressive electricity tariffs
Would you be in favor of the introduction of increasing electricity tariffs when consumption is higher (progressive electricity tariffs)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Provided we can manage the necessary exceptions, whether for humble workers, or for industries necessary to our local economy. It would even be desirable to subsidize industrial and technical relocation, by better taxing imports.
Sous réserve que nous puissions gérer les exceptions nécessaires que ce soit pour les humbles travailleurs, ou pour des industries nécessaires à notre économie locale. Il serait même souhaitable de subventionner de la relocalisation industrielle et technique, en taxant mieux des importations.
Nature conservation
Making provisions for the protection of large predators more flexible
Are you in favor of further relaxing the protection regulations for large predators (lynx, wolf, bear)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
It seems to me that the existing measures are already quite good, but I'm not an expert on this question. In any case, we need to manage balances, and therefore populations, just as we should manage our own resources...
Il me semble que les mesures existantes sont déjà pas mal, mais je ne suis pas expert sur cette question. Dans tous les cas, il faut gérer les équilibres, et donc les populations, tout comme nous devrions gérer les nôtres, de ressources...
Direct payments for farms
Should direct payments only be granted to farmers with proof of ecological performance?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
The problem goes beyond simple organic production, as it is necessary to promote agricultural practices that preserve the soil (and therefore biodiversity), health and food self-sufficiency: hence agroecological solutions, garden forests, Permaculture... Access to soil for sustainable practices must be promoted. But this means more work per hectare, and therefore more workers.
Le problème dépasse la simple production bio, car il est nécessaire de favoriser une pratique agricole qui préserve le sol (et donc la biodiversité), la santé, et une auto-suffisance alimentaire : Donc des solutions agroécologiques, des Forêts jardins, de la Permaculture... C’est un accès au sol pour des pratiques durables qui doit être favorisé. Mais c’est plus de travail à l’ha, et donc plus de travailleurs.
Introduction of stricter rules on the protection of farm animals
Are you in favour of stricter animal welfare regulations for livestock (e.g. permanent access to outdoor areas)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Animal welfare, even when it comes to eating them, is always desirable. But we mustn't go too far in the opposite direction either, and those who want to be vegan or anti-speciesist are free to do so, within legal limits. As for me, I'm just a flexitarian.
La bientraitance animale, même pour les manger, est toujours souhaitable. Il ne faut pas non plus tomber dans l'excès inverse, libre à ceux qui veulent être Végan ou Antispéciste, en restant dans les limites légales. Pour ma part, je suis juste flexitarien.
National territory available for biodiversity conservation
Should 30% of Switzerland's land area be dedicated to preserving biodiversity? [BePart question]
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Unfortunately, this is what the experts at SCNAT.ch are calling for, but I wouldn't want this to lead to expropriations, or a reduction in the number of climate refugees (yet to come), and intelligent planning that takes good care of the natural environment is called for.
Malheureusement, c'est ce que réclame les experts de SCNAT.ch, mais je ne souhaiterais pas que cela puisse apporter des expropriations, ou une réduction d'accueil de réfugiés climatiques (à venir), et un aménagement intelligent et bientraitant avec les milieux naturels est de mise.
Ban on single-use plastics
Would you support a ban on single-use plastic and non-recyclable plastics? [BePart question]
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Studies have shown that Lake Geneva receives 50 tonnes of plastic per year, including 40 tonnes of microplastic... (Cf. Association Sauvegarde du Léman, ASL)
Des études ont montré que le lac Léman reçoit 50 tonnes de plastiques par années, dont 40 tonnes de microplastiques... (Cf. Association Sauvegarde du Léman, ASL)
More sustainable use of electronic devices
Are you in favour of government measures to make the use of electronic devices more sustainable (e.g., right to repair, extension of warranty period, minimum guaranteed period for software updates)? [BePart question]
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Fighting against the deleterious programmed obsolescence of our economic world is a regulation that politicians must make.
Lutter contre l'obsolescence programmée délétère de notre monde économique, est une régulation que doit faire le politique.
Democracy, Media & Digitization
Mobile phone network (5G)
Should the Swiss mobile network be equipped throughout the country with the latest technology (currently 5G standard)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
5G is a useful step forward, for transporting more data with less energy, in places that are still underserved. However, we must not fall into a rebound effect, and especially not dismantle existing 3 or 4G installations. Supporting the move towards less infobesity is also a challenge for politicians.
La 5G est un progrès utile, pour transporter plus de données avec moins d'énergie, dans les endroits encore mal servis. Il ne faut toutefois pas tomber dans un effet rebond, et surtout pas de démonter les installations 3 ou 4G existantes. Accompagner vers moins d'infobésité est aussi un challenge que doit relever le politique.
Digitizing public services
Should the federal government be given additional powers in the area of digitization of government services in order to be able to impose binding directives and standards on the cantons?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
I'm in favor of maximum freedom for the cantons, but also to shed light on responsible and sustainable practices with digital technology. But certainly not to impose GAFAM or Chinese solutions, as the confederation recently chose to do. We'd have to agree on "responsible" digital to start with.
Je suis pour un maximum de liberté pour les cantons, mais aussi pour éclairer des pratiques responsables et durables avec le numérique. Mais certainement pas pour imposer des solutions GAFAM ou chinoises, comme la confédération a fait le choix récemment. Il faudrait s'entendre sur un numérique "responsable" pour commencer.
Strengthening regulation of big internet platforms
Are you in favor of stronger regulation of the major Internet platforms (i.e., transparency rules on algorithms, increased liability for content, combating disinformation)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Impose "Secure by Design", "Privacy By Design", "Open Data" and "Open Source" standards for all digital tools used by governments and public institutions.
Imposer des normes "Secure by design", "Privacy By Design", "Open Data" et "Open Source", pour tous les outils numériques utilisés pour les états et les institutions publiques.
Lowering TV and radio license fees
A popular initiative aims to reduce television and radio fees (CHF 200 per household, exemption for businesses). Do you support this initiative?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Public television is the last media bastion of a critical and open democracy, fighting against the corruptions of information. On the other hand, I'm in favor of a progressive tax based on income.
La télévision publique est le dernier bastion médiatique d'une démocratie critique et ouverte, en lutte contre les corruptions de l'information. Je suis par contre pour une taxe adaptée aux revenus, et donc progressive.
Lowering the voting age to 16
Are you in favour of lowering the voting age to 16?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
I'll be facilitating the implementation of an emancipation (access to majority), free between the ages of 16 and 20. At the request of the young person, and if under 18, by municipal decision, based on the advice of parents, teachers, the attending physician or any person outside the family circle with whom the young person may have had significant contact. This would be granted automatically on request from the age of 18. And provide for an analysis of voting at school, to be introduced at compulsory school.
Je serai pour faciliter la mise en place d'une émancipation (un accès à la majorité), libre entre 16 et 20 ans. Sur demande du jeune, et si moins de 18 ans, sur décision communale, à partir d'avis des parents, enseignants, médecin traitant ou toutes personnes hors cercle familial, qu'aura pu côtoyer significativement ce jeune. Cela serait automatiquement accordé sur demande dès 18 ans. Et prévoir une analyse des votations à l'école, pour les faire découvrir à l'école obligatoire.
Introducing an optional financial referendum against federal spending
Should it be possible to hold a referendum on federal spending above a certain amount (optional financial referendum)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Subject to emergency clauses.
Sous réserve de clauses d'urgences.
Security & military
Increasing the size of the army to at least 120,000 soldiers
Are you in favor of expanding the army's target number of soldiers to at least 120,000?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
If the army is a little more involved in humanitarian aid situations, whether at home or abroad, then why not?
Si l'armée est un peu plus impliquée dans des situations d'aides humanitaires, interne ou à l'étranger, alors pourquoi pas ?
Strengthening cooperation between the Swiss army and NATO
Should the Swiss Armed Forces expand their cooperation with NATO?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Switzerland must remain neutral, and remain a forum for international dialogue between nations.
La Suisse doit rester neutre, et rester un terrain de dialogue entre les nations à l'international.
Re-export of Swiss weapons
Should the Federal Council be allowed to authorize other states to re-export Swiss weapons in cases of a war of aggression in violation of international law (e.g., the attack on Ukraine)? [BePart question]
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
It would be desirable for Switzerland to retain sovereignty of decision.
Il serait souhaitable que la Suisse garde la souveraineté de la décision.
Scumonda da visar automaticamain la fatscha en locals publics
Should automatic facial recognition be banned in public spaces?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
This is a necessity in dictatorships, not in true democracies. Giving up our freedom for a semblance of extra security is never the best choice.
C'est une nécessité dans des dictatures, pas dans des vraies démocraties. Renoncer à notre liberté pour un semblant de sécurité supplémentaire, n'est jamais le meilleur choix.
Denounce the Schengen Agreement and strengthen border controls
Should Switzerland terminate the Schengen agreement with the EU and reintroduce more security checks directly on the border? [BePart question]
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
But it would be necessary to properly assess the consequences in order to make an informed decision. I'd be in favor of setting up a citizens' convention on this issue.
Mails il serait nécessaire de bien évaluer les conséquences pour prendre une décision éclairée. Je serai partisan de monter une convention citoyenne sur cette question.
Foreign trade & foreign policy
Seek closer relations with the EU
Are you in favor of closer relations with the European Union (EU)?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Provided we don't have to accept dictates that are absurd or contrary to Switzerland's interests, or at the very least to a significant global public interest.
Sous réserve de ne pas devoir accepter des dictats absurdes ou contraires aux intérêts de la Suisse, ou à minima d'un intérêt public global significatif.
Seek a comprehensive free trade agreement with the United States
Should Switzerland strive for a comprehensive free trade agreement (including agriculture) with the USA?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
On the face of it, Switzerland would be a winner. But I wish Switzerland would stop kowtowing to the US. Why is it that a form submitted to the US authorities is mandatory to open an account for Swiss children? This is not "normal".
A priori, la Suisse y serait gagnante. Mais j'aimerai que la Suisse arrête de s'aplatir devant les US. Comment se fait-il qu'un formulaire remis aux autorités US est obligatoire pour ouvrir un compte pour les enfants Suisses ? Cela n'est pas "normal".
Comply with social and environmental standards
Should Swiss companies be obliged to ensure that their subsidiaries and suppliers operating abroad comply with social and environmental standards?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
There's no need to harbor irresponsible and harmful actors in Switzerland. Caring for creation for future generations is enshrined in the preamble to our constitution.
Inutile d'héberger en Suisse des acteurs irresponsables et nocifs. Prendre soin de la création pour les générations futures est inscrit dans le préambule de notre constitution.
Terminate bilateral agreements with the EU
Should Switzerland terminate the Bilateral Agreements with the EU and seek a free trade agreement without the free movement of persons?
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Improving the allocation of jobs to the Swiss must remain a priority, but free trade won't change that.
Améliorer l'attribution des places de travail aux suisses doit rester une priorité, mais le libre-échange ne changera rien à cela.
Return to a strict interpretation of neutrality
Should Switzerland return to a strict interpretation of neutrality (renounce economic sanctions to a large extent)? [BePart question]
| No | Rather no | Rather yes | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Yes, even if it can condemn and denounce the anti-democratic or human rights abuses of other nations. And offer its services for conciliations, or provide safe havens, for example for Edward Snowden and Julian Assange... That would be nice.
Oui, même si elle peut condamner et dénoncer les abus anti démocratiques ou droits humains, des autres nations. Et proposer ses services pour des conciliations, ou proposer refuges, par exemple Edouard Snowden et Julian Assange... Ce serait bien.
Values
Security measures taken by the state
What is your position the following statement: "Someone who is not guilty, has nothing to fear from state security measures."
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
It's already better to say: "Nothing to be ashamed of" than the rhetorical "Nothing to hide". But anti-freedom security measures must be proportionate to the real risks.
C'est déjà mieux de dire: "Rien à se reprocher" que la rhétorique "Rien à cacher". Mais les mesures sécuritaires anti-libertés doivent être proportionnées aux risques réels.
Free market economy
What is your position the following statement: "In the long term, everyone benefits from a free market economy in the long term."
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
It would have to be "free" and "fair" to agree. The current trend is to abuse centralization, and to appropriate tools or goods for public use. Whatsapp siphons off your contacts but doesn't work for the public good, but enriches a few, by commercializing massive manipulation.
Il faudrait qu'elle soit effectivement "libre", et "équitable" pour être d'accord. Actuellement la tendance est dans l'abus de la centralisation, et l'appropriation d'outils ou biens d'utilité publiques. Whatsapp siphonne vos contacts mais n'oeuvre pas pour le bien public, mais enrichi quelques, en commercialisant de la manipulation massive.
Compensate for differences in income and wealth
What is your position the following statement: "It is necessary for the State to balance out differences in income and wealth through redistribution".
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
We are currently witnessing the impoverishment of "workers", while the wealthy are getting richer and richer. This calls for a rebalancing.
Actuellement on constate un appauvrissement des "travailleurs" alors que les grandes fortunes s'enrichissent plus et plus. Cela nécessite un rééquilibrage.
Parent stays at home full time
What is your position the following statement: "It is best for a child, when one parent stays home full-time for childcare."
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
I want to give parents the freedom to choose. But the state must encourage both the reception of children, and also support those who want to raise them.
Je souhaite laisser la liberté aux parents, de choisir. Mais l'état doit favoriser à la fois l'accueil des enfants, et soutenir aussi ceux qui veulent les élever.
Digitization offers more opportunities than risks
What is your position the following statement: "The ongoing digitalization offers significantly more opportunities than risks."
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
So I believed in it in the 80s, we're talking about the Internet mainly. And I've been disappointed since 2015, seeing what we're doing with it. There are great things like Wikipedia, and abominable things like Whatsapp, which should be replaced by Signal. AIs will be both good and horrible, depending on how we use them. The problems are intentions and governance. I'm a computer scientist, and I helped deploy the Internet.
Alors j'y ai cru dans les années 80, on parle de l'Internet principalement. Et je déchante depuis les années 2015, en voyant ce que nous en faisons. Il y a des choses formidables comme Wikipedia, et des choses abominables comme Whatsapp, qu'il faudrait remplacer par Signal. Les IA seront à la fois bonnes et horribles, selon les usages que nous en ferons. Les problèmes sont les intentions et les gouvernances. Je suis informaticien, et j’ai contribué à déployer Internet.
Punish criminals
What is your position the following statement: "Punishing criminals is more important than reintegrating them into society."
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Ensuring that they are harmless once released is obviously a priority. And being tough on repeat offenders. Better prevention of risks on release.
S'assurer qu'ils seront devenus inoffensifs une fois libérés, est évidemment une priorité. Et être très dur avec les récidives. Mieux prévenir les risques à la libération.
Stronger environmental protection
What is your position the following statement: "Stronger environmental protection is necessary, even if its application limits economic growth."
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
The priority is not to jeopardize the future of future generations at any cost. We need to be able to forego unnecessary over-richening, which studies show does not make people any happier, in order to contribute to a more comfortable life for all, including future generations.
La priorité est de ne pas précariser l'avenir des générations suivantes, à tout prix. Nous devons être capable de renoncer à un sur enrichissement inutile, et que les études prouvent ne pas rendre plus heureux, afin de contribuer à plus de confort de vie pour tous, y incluses les générations suivantes.
Federal budget
Social protection: spend more/less
Should the federal government spend more or less in the area of "Social services"?
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
If possible, improve social conditions and efficiency within the existing budget, or even find ways to do more with less...
Si possible améliorer les conditions sociales, et améliorer l'efficience, avec le budget existant, voir même trouver des solutions pour faire plus, avec moins...
Education and research: spend more/less
Should the federal government spend more or less in the area of "Education and research"?
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Yes, but if possible, improve efficiency with what already exists.
Oui, mais si possible améliorer l'efficience avec l'existant.
Agriculture: spend more/less
Should the federal government spend more or less in the area of "Agriculture"?
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
It's going to be complicated to increase budgets everywhere, especially without economic growth, or even reductions. Find solutions that are more incentive-based (regulate distribution, labeling, advertising) and legislative, tax more ecologically questionable imports, especially if in competition with our farmers to subsidize more ecological and local agriculture.
Va être compliqué d’augmenter les budgets partout, surtout sans croissance économique, voir réductions. Trouver des solutions plutôt incitatives (réglementer la distribution, l’étiquetage, les publicités) et législatives, taxer plus des imports écologiquement discutables, surtout si en compétition avec nos paysans pour subventionner une agriculture plus écologique et locale.
Public transportation: spend more/less
Should the federal government spend more or less in the area of "Public transport"?
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Develop public transport services, incentives and the rail network (expand rural access), in collaboration with existing operators, and with more sustainable solutions.
Développer les offres de transports publics, les incitations, le réseau ferroviaire (étoffer l'accès en campagne), en collaboration avec les régies existantes, et avec des solutions plus durables.
Road traffic (private motorized transport): spend more/less
Should the federal government spend more or less in the area of "Road traffic (motorised individual transport)"?
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Maintaining what already exists is OK, but we need to invest in alternative transport, and encourage bike lanes and carpooling. For example, incentivize multi-occupant lanes, and eventually ban the use of single-occupant cars on freeways during rush hour.
Entretenir l'existant OK, mais il faut investir dans les transports alternatifs, et favoriser les voies cyclables, avec le covoiturage. Par exemple: inciter avec des voies en priorité aux multi occupants, puis finir par interdire l'usage des voitures avec une seule personne, sur les autoroutes aux heures de pointe.
Public safety: spend more/less
Should the federal government spend more or less in the area of "Public security"?
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
It depends on what, and how. To ensure greater resilience and autonomy for the region, OK. To ensure the safety and well-being of all inhabitants, then yes, of course. Although, if we reduced the waste of unhelpful stuff and improved actions with maximum impact, for minimal investment, there would be a way to do better, with less...
Cela va dépendre quoi, et comment. Pour assurer une meilleure résilience et autonomie du territoire, OK. Assurer la sécurité et le bien-être de tous les habitants, alors oui, bien sûr. Quoique, si on réduisait le gaspillage des trucs peu utile et améliorer les actions avec un impact maximal, pour un investissement minimal, il y aurait moyen de faire mieux, avec moins...
National defense: spend more/less
Should the federal government spend more or less in the area of "National defence"?
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
These resources can also be used for collaboration with civil protection, resilience actions (disaster response, epidemics, floods, heatwaves...), OK to maintain existing budgets. OK for international collaboration to protect and assist civilian populations. For the defense of our own territory, in the event of invasion (by Austria?), I'm in favor of maintaining military service and weapons in local depots, with precautions.
Mettre ces moyens aussi à collaboration avec la sécurité civile, des actions de résiliences (interventions sur les catastrophes, épidémies, inondations, canicules...), OK pour maintenir les budgets existants. OK pour la collaboration internationale afin de protéger et assister des populations civiles. Pour la défense de notre propre territoire, en cas d'invasion (par l'Autriche?), je suis pour maintenir le service militaire et les armes en dépôts locaux, avec précautions.
Development cooperation: spend more/less
Should the federal government spend more or less in the area of "Development assistance"?
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Comment
Improve the efficiency of aid, for effective action to reduce conflict and famine, improve self-sufficiency, and reduce migratory flows caused by human stupidity. Denounce all abuses contrary to the Geneva Conventions and the basic principles of human rights, by granting asylum to the victims of anti-democratic abuses, such as Assange and Snowden (after validation and recognition of the legitimacy of asylum).
Améliorer l'efficience des aides, pour des actions efficaces afin de favoriser la réduction des conflits, des famines, améliorer l'autonomie, et réduire les flux migratoires de par les stupidités humaines. Dénoncer tous les abus contraires aux accords de Genève, et les bases des droits humains, en accordant l'asile aux personnalités victimes d'abus anti démocratique, comme Assange et Snowden (après validation et reconnaissance d'une légitimité d'asile).
Comment
Progress is not supposed to go in a regressive direction. But I am in favor of facilitating continuity of work for those who wish to do so, and thus enabling companies to keep their voluntary employees. But let's start by eliminating the additional social costs to companies of the over-50s, to reduce the current tendency to fire them well before the age of 60.
Le progrès ce n'est pas censé aller dans une direction de régression. Mais je suis favorable à faciliter la continuité de travail de ceux qui le souhaiteraient, et donc de permettre aux entreprises de maintenir leurs salariés volontaires. Mais commençons déjà par supprimer les coûts sociaux supplémentaires aux entreprises des plus de 50 ans, pour réduire la tendance actuelle de les virer bien avant 60 ans.
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